Cleveland - Historic eruptions

Reported Activity

start date	end date	title	description	icon	date limit	importance	link
1774-00-00		Cleveland: 1774	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) reports "Tanak-Angunak active in 1774." There is some confusion as to whether "Tanak-Angunach" refers to Carlisle volcano or Mount Cleveland. From Miller and others (1998): "Various names were applied to Carlisle on early hydrographic charts, including Uliaga, Kigalgin and variants thereof; it was also sometimes referred to along with the western half of Chuginadak Island, as Tanak-Angunak. It is thus possible that some of the activity ascribed ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=282&page=basic
1828-00-00		Cleveland: 1828	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) reports that Litke reported that in 1828, Tanak-Angunak had an active volcano, with hot springs at its base. The English translation of Litke "A voyage around the world, 1826-1829) does not contain reference to this event. However, the English translation does not cover all of Litke's publications for this voyage, which he published in both Russian and French. There is also some confusion as to whether "Tanak-Angunach" refers to Carlisle volcano ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=283&page=basic
1836-00-00		Cleveland: 1836	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) reports Tanak-Angunakh smoking in 1836. All subsequent compilers seem to refer to this event as occurring in 1838. There is some confusion as to whether "Tanak-Angunach" refers to Carlisle volcano or Mount Cleveland. From Miller and others (1998): "Various names were applied to Carlisle on early hydrographic charts, including Uliaga, Kigalgin and variants thereof; it was also sometimes referred to along with the western half of Chuginadak Island, ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=284&page=basic
1893-00-00		Cleveland: 1893	Jaggar (1927) writes that Cleveland was active in 1893. More primary descriptions of this event have not been located.	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=285&page=basic
1897-00-00		Cleveland: 1897	Hantke (1951) reported Tanak-Angunak active in 1897. Attempts to locate more primary descriptions of this eruption have not been successful. Tanak-Angunak may refer to Carlisle rather than Cleveland. From Miller and others (1998): "Various names were applied to Carlisle on early hydrographic charts, including Uliaga, Kigalgin and variants thereof; it was also sometimes referred to along with the western half of Chuginadak Island, as Tanak-Angunak. It is thus possible that some of the activity ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=286&page=basic
1929-07-00		Cleveland: 1929	Jaggar (1929) reports: "Mount Cleveland and a volcano to the west of it, in the region of the Islands of the Four Mountains, were smoking heavily in July." * * * "The above note on the fuming of Mount Cleveland recalls the heavy earthquake just south of those islands at the edge of the Aleutian deep reported in the Volcano Letter No. 220. This occurred March 6, 1929."	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=287&page=basic
1932-01-01		Cleveland: 1932	From Jaggar (1932): "Captain Nelson of the 'Eunice' brought word on January 18, 1932, that Mount Cleveland on Chuginadak Island, a peak 8156 feet high, approximately 150 English miles west of Dutch Harbor, had again broken into eruption, starting about January 1, 1932. It was reported to him that seven great puffs had occurred in one hour, the volcano sending up very dense smoke. Generally only a little steam had been seen at the crater during previous visits. He passes those Islands of the ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=288&page=basic
1938-06-00		Cleveland: 1938	The Anchorage Daily Times (1938) reported that during the summer of 1938, "officers of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey ships Surveyor and Pioneer said that "Mount Cleveland, on Chuginadak, one of the islands of the Four Mountains, which pokes its snowy head to a height of 8,500 feet, was emitting smoke and steam." The Fairbanks Daily News Miner reported activity in July, 1938: "Indications of the eruption of Mount Cleveland on Chuginadak island are reported by a party of men at Pioneer ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=289&page=basic
1944-06-10	1944-6-13	Cleveland: 1944	The eruption is summarized by Miller and others (1998) as follows: "The 1944 eruption was characterized by two days of Vulcanian explosive activity from the central crater, which produced lava flows as well as tephra (Simkin and Siebert, 1994). Severe earthquakes were felt throughout the episode. Clouds of steam and ash rose to 6000 m and lava flows extended 5 km from the central crater. Boulders 'as big as automobiles' were ejected across the island and for a considerable distance into the ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=290&page=basic
1951-11-01	1951-12-00	Cleveland: 1951	From Jones, (1952): "G.R. MacCarthy reported a large, dense column of mingled dark fume and steam at Cleveland volcano on November 1 [1951]. The volcano was also reported smoking in December."	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=291&page=basic
1953-06-25		Cleveland: 1953	From Miller and others (1998): "On June 25, 1953, a military observer reported dark ash on the snow around the vent of Mt. Cleveland (report on file at Geophysical Institution, University of Alaska, Fairbanks)." Military observers also reported steam on December 19, 1953.	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=292&page=basic
1954-00-00		Cleveland: 1954	Military observers reported smoke and steam at various times throughout 1954, including steam on January 11, light smoke on February 13, steam and gray smoke on April 5, heavy steam on June 30, light gray smoke on July 2, ash on July 15, gray-white smoke on September 4, and white steam on December 9.	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=294&page=basic
1975-09-00		Cleveland: 1975	From Shackelford (1977): "An unconfirmed report indicated that Mt. Cleveland was erupting at about the same time as the September eruptions of Shishaldin. No other information currently available. The author acknowledges T.P. Miller for the receipt of this information."	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=295&page=basic
1984-07-12	1984-7-12	Cleveland: 1984	From Reeder (1987): "Pilot Tom Madsen observed a small ash and steam eruption of Mount Cleveland during one of his numerous flights to Atka of Atka Island from Dutch Harbor of Unalaska Island. His observation was made at about 1300 local time ( = GMT -9 h.) on 12 July 1984. The ash and steam plume was drifting to the southeast up to a 2,300 m altitude from a small southeast summit crater of the volcano. Some steam was also rising from the southeast side of the volcano. Some hot rock and/or ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=296&page=basic
1985-12-10		Cleveland: 1985	From Reeder (1988): "About 1200 local time (= GMT - 11) on 10 December 1985, pilot Tom Madsen observed an anomalous 0.5 + km high eruption column over Mount Cleveland volcano from the ground at Nikolski, Umnak Island, which is about 65 km ENE of the volcano. The top of this vertical column had drifted to the north by at least 0.5 km. Because of the pronounced white color of this eruption cloud, it probably consisted principally of steam with only minor amounts of ash. As based on observations ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=297&page=basic
1986-04-28	1986-5-27	Cleveland: 1986	From Reeder (1989): "On 28 April 1986, pilot Thomas Madsen, President of Aleutian Air Ltd. at Dutch Harbor, observed an eruption plume from the summit of Mount Cleveland. His flight was from Dutch Harbor on Unalaska Island to Atka on Atka Island. He initially saw the eruption plume at about 1220 LT at a distance of 190 km as he was approaching Mount Cleveland from the E. Tom estimated that the grayish white plume reached an altitude of about 2,900 m, about 1,200 m above the summit, and it trailed ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=298&page=basic
1987-06-19	1987-8-28	Cleveland: 1987	From Reeder (1990): "During 1987, intermittent steam emissions were very common from the summit of Mount Cleveland. In addition, tephra and tephra with steam emissions from the summit were observed between 19 June and 28 August. A fairly large active lava flow, originating from the summit dome-like vent, existed on 23 through 26 June. The magmatic eruptive activity appears to have ended following a large tephra eruption of the 28 August." Reeder provides a detailed summary of the eruption ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=299&page=basic
1989-10-22	1989-10-28	Cleveland: 1989	From Reeder (1992): "During the week of October 22-28, 1989, the crew of the Crystal Sea, who have been pumping fuel from the beached Polar Command, observed a glow at night that was coming from the top of Mount Cleveland. The Polar Command was beached about 12 km ESE of Mount Cleveland volcano on the south side of Chuginadak Island near Black Peak."	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=300&page=basic
1994-05-25	1994-5-25	Cleveland: 1994	From Neal and others (1994): "On April 29, pilots reported a robust steam plume, possibly containing ash, emanating from the volcano. Subsequent satellite image analysis did not confirm ash emission and, on May 10, AVO staff on an overflight of the eastern Aleutian arc saw no ash on the flanks of the partially cloud-shrouded volcano. On May 25, the NWS received two pilot reports of an ash cloud rising to an estimated 35,000 feet (10.7 km); several SIGMETS were issued. NWS and AVO analysis of ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=301&page=basic
1997-05-05		Cleveland: 1997	From McGimsey and Wallace (1997): "On May 5, 1997, the U.S. Coast Guard relayed to AVO a PIREP of a steam and ash cloud rising from Cleveland at 1600 ADT. The USCG C-130 crew took video footage to document their observations. The activity was characterized by the pilots as profuse steaming from the summit crater with intermittent, pulsing, bulbous emissions of ash. Summit snow cover was distinctly marked with patches of black (either ash or bare ground) that extended down the flank, and the ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=302&page=basic
2001-02-02	2001-4-15	Cleveland: 2001	From Dean and others (2002): "Mt. Cleveland erupted explosively on 19 February and on 11 and 19 March 2001. * * * "The first indication to AVO of activity at Mt. Cleveland was the 19 February eruption. However, after the eruption, AVO received reports indicating that precursory activity had taken place. Most graphic was a photograph taken on 2 February by a pilot flying by the volcano showing a dark, lobate deposit on the snow-covered southwest flank and robust steaming from the summit ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=303&page=basic
2005-04-27	2005-9-27	Cleveland: 2005	From McGimsey and others (2007): "After several years of quiescence following an explosive eruption in 2001, AVO remote sensors observed a 3-pixel thermal anomaly at the summit of Cleveland on March 13, 2005 (see fig. 38 in original text). On April 27, 2005, the FAA alerted AVO of a pilot report of eruptive activity - "ash cloud * * * 15,000 to 18,000 ft high" - in the vicinity of Cleveland (based on coordinates from the pilots). Satellite images showed no evidence of activity. AVO seismologists ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=536&page=basic
2006-02-06	2006-2-6	Cleveland: 2006	From Neal and others (2009): "The first known explosive eruption [at Cleveland Volcano] in 2006 occurred on February 6, and was detected in routine Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite image analysis by anomaliesAVO staff. Satellite-derived temperatures indicated an initial cloud height of about 6-8 km (22,000-26,000 ft). The eruption appeared to be short lived and had ceased several hours before detection on satellite imagery, but AVO raised the Level of Concern Color Code ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=551&page=basic
2006-05-23	2006-5-23	Cleveland: 2006	From Neal and others (2009): "On May 5, AVO reported a thermal anomaly and continuous plume of volcanic gas from Cleveland. The plume was visible over the course of 6 hours but traveled only 48 km (30 mi) southwest of the volcano and appeared to be at a relatively low altitude and devoid of ash. Cleveland remained 'Not Assigned.' "On May 23, an astronaut aboard the International Space Station (ISS) contacted ground control with a report of an eruption from a volcano in the Aleutians. Subsequent ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=552&page=basic
2006-08-24	2006-10-28	Cleveland: 2006	From Neal and others (2009): "On August 24, AVO received notice from NWS that a ship had reported an ash eruption from Cleveland volcano. Days later, AVO received video footage from the crew of this fishing vessel showing a definite ash plume reaching about 3 km (~10,000 ft) ASL [see fig. 42 in original text]. Importantly, neither a broadband regional network seismic station in Nikolski [see fig. 1 in original text; M. West, UAFGI, written commun., 2006) nor any time-correlative satellite imagery ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=553&page=basic
2007-06-00	2008-10-28	Cleveland: 2007 - 2008	Although intermittent thermal anomalies were sporadically observed in satellite images by AVO throughout 2007, on June 12, steam emissions caused a plume that extended 200 km from the volcano, and pilots reported the height as up to 12,000 feet (3650 m). Significant thermal anomalies were observed in satellite images on June 17 and 26, and AVO geoscientist interpret these as being suggestive of low-level eruptive activity. Weaker thermal anomalies were observed on July 3, 5, and 12. On ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=590&page=basic
2009-1-2	2009-1-21	Cleveland: 2009	On December 23, 2008, AVO noted a persistent thermal anomaly at Cleveland and raised the volcanic alert level and the aviation color code to Advisory/Yellow on December 24. Clouds obscured satellite views of Cleveland until December 28, when a clear view showed that the December 23 anomaly persisted. On the morning of January 2, 2009, a brief but explosive ash emission was detected in satellite images of Cleveland. The ash plume reached an altitude of about 6 km (20,000 ft), drifted east-southeast ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=606&page=basic
2009-6-26	2009-6-26	Cleveland: 2009	On Thursday, June 25, 2009, a small eruption at Cleveland volcano was noted in satellite imagery. An ash plume was seen in satellite images from 1915 UTC (11:15 AKDT). The plume had detached from the volcano and was moving south. The estimated plume height was less than 15,000 feet above sea level. At 2 p.m. AKDT, AVO raised the Aviation Color Code to ORANGE and the the Alert Level to WATCH, from UNASSIGNED. On June 27, citing lack of further reports of activity at Cleveland, AVO downgraded ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=611&page=basic
2009-10-2		Cleveland: 2009	... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=612&page=basic
2010-5-30	2010-6-2	Cleveland: 2010	In a May 25, 2010 VAN/VONA, AVO warned "thermal anomalies observed in satellite data over the past few days suggest that Cleveland Volcano has entered another period of volcanic unrest. In the past, the presence of thermal anomalies at the summit has been followed by moderate ash bursts, sometimes to aircraft flight levels. Therefore, AVO is raising the Aviation Color Code to YELLOW and the Volcano Alert Level to ADVISORY. "The lack of a real-time seismic network at Cleveland means that AVO is ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=621&page=basic
2010-9-12		Cleveland: 2010	On August 26, 2010, citing a persistent thermal anomaly, AVO raised the level of concern color at Cleveland from UNASSIGNED to YELLOW, and the alert status from UNASSIGNED to ADVISORY. Because Cleveland lacks a real-time seismic network, AVO is unable to track local earthquake activity. AVO continued to detect intermittent thermal anomalies (weather permitting) until September 4, 2010. Satellite views were then obscured by clouds until September 7 and 8, when clear-weather views of Cleveland showed ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=622&page=basic
2011-7-19	2013-1-00	Cleveland: 2011 - 2013	On July 20, 2011, AVO raised the volcano alert level/aviation color code at Cleveland from unassigned to advisory/yellow, based on the presence of persistent thermal anomalies seen in satellite data on July 19 and 20. Thermal anomalies continued to be detected (weather permitting) on July 22, 26, and 30th. On August 2, 2011, AVO raised the volcano alert leve/aviation color code to watch/orange, in response to a July 29 observation of a small lava dome (about 40 meters in diameter) in the summit ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=692&page=basic
2013-5-4		Cleveland: 2013	AVO infrasound monitoring detected multiple explosions at Cleveland volcano on May 4, 2013. The first was at 5 am AKDT, followed by two more at 7:17 am and 11:44 am. Infrasound signals suggest that these explosions were relatively short in duration. A small, low-level ash cloud and elevated summit thermal temperatures were observed in satellite imagery. These explosions transitioned to a continuous, low-level eruption characterized by long duration airwave signals, measured on the nearby Okmok seismic ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Cleveland&eruptionid=713&page=basic