Makushin - Historic eruptions

Reported Activity

start date	end date	title	description	icon	date limit	importance	link
1769-00-00	1769-00-00	Makushin: 1769	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) writes that Krenitsyn reported "two volcanoes active on Unalaska" in 1768. He also writes that there are two fire-belching mountains on Unalaska in 1768-69. Although one of these volcanoes is certainly Makushin, the "other" volcano's name and location are unknown. There is some discrepancy about the duration of this eruption. Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) mentions only Krenitsyn's account in 1768 and that Cook in 1778 reported ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=124&page=basic
1790-06-07		Makushin: 1790	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) quotes Sarychev: "On the seventh of June 1790, the Makushin volcano was smoking. But it has not burned for a long time. Only now and then (on Feb. 14, 1792) did it expel smoke." The English translation of Sarychev does mention that he saw Makushin on those dates, but is unclear whether or not he saw smoke from Makushin: "It is higher than all the other mountains of Unalaska, with a summit more level than pointed; that on the southern side of ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=125&page=basic
1792-02-14		Makushin: 1792	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) quotes Sarychev: "On the seventh of June 1790, the Makushin volcano was smoking. But it has not burned for a long time. Only now and then (on Feb. 14, 1792) did it expel smoke." The English translation of Sarychev does mention that he saw Makushin on those dates, but is unclear whether or not he saw smoke from Makushin: "It is higher than all the other mountains of Unalaska, with a summit more level than pointed; that on the southern side of ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=126&page=basic
1796-00-00		Makushin: 1796	Dall (1884) writes that in 1796, disturbances on nearby Bogoslof were accompanied by volcanic activity in the craters of Makushin on Unalaska Island, as well as in craters of volcanoes on Umnak Island. Sapper (1917) reports underwater explosions off the southeast coast [of Unalaska] in 1795. Perhaps this date is in error and should be in 1796. If so, this report could be talking about Bogoslof, or about some other submarine activity near Unalaska.	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=127&page=basic
1802-00-00		Makushin: 1802	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) writes that Langsdorff reported strong earthquakes and fire-eruption of Makushin in 1802. Langsdorff (1812, translated by Victoria Joan Moessner, 1993) reports that "Unalaska had heavy earthquakes almost every month until 1802, when finally there was an extraordinary earthquake, one never experienced there before, that destroyed several huts. In 1806, they could no longer remember exactly in which month it had happened, so unremarkable is ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=128&page=basic
1818-08-00		Makushin: 1818	Veniaminov (1840, translated in 1984 by Lydia Black and R. H. Geoghegan) wrote about Makushin: "No one remembers [this mountain] ever emitting flame, but from time to time it produces subterranean thunders, as has happened in August 1818. At that time, the mountain thundered so strongly that a slight [earth] tremor was perceived and those living at Unalaska [settlement] believed that the nearby island of Amaxnax was breaking apart." Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) writes ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=129&page=basic
1826-06-00	1828-9-1	Makushin: 1826 - 1828	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) wrote that Postels reported two strong earthquakes in June, 1826, and Makushin erupted in flames. Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) adds a footnote stating that this report "is an error. It was probably meant to mean, 'in smoke.' Characteristic of the Makushin Volcano is that it does not erupt in flames, this according to all other reports, including Cook's (from 1778)." Litke (1835, translated in 1987) reported that Makushin ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=130&page=basic
1836-00-00	1838-00-00	Makushin: 1836 - 1838	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) writes that in 1836, Makushin was smoking. Dall (1870), Davidson (1884), and Plummer (1898) report that Makushin was smoking in 1838.	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=131&page=basic
1843-00-00	1844-00-00	Makushin: 1843 - 1844	Grewingk (1850, translated 2003 by Fritz Jaensch) writes that Voznesenskii reported smoke from Makushin in 1843 and 1844. Beginning with Coats (1950), other compilers list the date for this eruption as being 1845. All previous compilers (except Doroshin (1870) - he lists 1845 as the eruption date) list 1843 or 1844 as eruption dates. Perhaps there was a second episode of smoking at Makushin in 1845, or perhaps there is a typographical error in Doroshin or Coats. Jacob and Hauksson (1983) and ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=132&page=basic
1865-00-00		Makushin: 1865	Dall (1870) reports Makushin was active in 1865. Beget and others (2000) interpret this as Makushin was smoking.	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=133&page=basic
1867-09-09		Makushin: 1867	Davidson (1884) climbed Makushin in 1867. On September 8, 1867, his party was ascending Makushin: "At 9:30 a.m. they reached the base of a very steep mountain, which we afterwards saw from the vessel, its almost perpendicular, black, scarred front looking like a great fortress on the outer flank of the snow-covered mountains. At its base the herbage was removed, and the earth at six inches below the surface was so hot that no one could bear his hands in it. The surface was cool; but, curiously ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=134&page=basic
1871-00-00	1874-00-00	Makushin: 1871 - 1874	Becker (1898) writes that Makushin steamed from 1871-1874. This activity probably does not constitute a volcanic eruption.	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=135&page=basic
1880-00-00		Makushin: 1880	Petroff (1884) reports that Veniaminov reported earthquakes at Makushin in 1880. This is certainly an error, as Veniaminof died in 1879. Becker (1898) reports Makushin was steaming during 1880. It is uncertain if the steam and earthquake are associated with a volcanic eruption from Makushin in 1880.	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=136&page=basic
1883-00-00		Makushin: 1883	Becker (1883) reports an ash eruption from Makushin in 1883.	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=137&page=basic
1891-00-00		Makushin: 1891	Becker (1898) reported steam from Makushin in 1891. This activity probably does not constitute a volcanic eruption.	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=138&page=basic
1892-07-00		Makushin: 1892	Cordeiro (1910) climbed Makushin in July 1892 and reported that the crater was smoking, and that there were yellow sulfur crystals being formed. This activity may not constitute a volcanic eruption.	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=139&page=basic
1895-00-00		Makushin: 1895	Becker (1898) reported steam from Makushin in 1895. This activity probably does not constitute a volcanic eruption.	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=140&page=basic
1907-07-03		Makushin: 1907	Jaggar (1908) climbed Makushin on July 3, 1907 and reported: "The rim of the crater was finally reached at 12:45. Within was an expanse of snow, probably two miles in diameter, through which three or four steaming vents have maintained openings. Here we encountered fog and rain lifting and closing at intervals. We saw a steaming cavity ahead to the right. Examination proved this to be a new crater opening which was unknown to the guide, therefore it was promptly named the "Technology Crater" ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=141&page=basic
1912-00-00		Makushin: 1912	Coats (1950) reports smoke from Makushin in 1912.	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=142&page=basic
1926-12-30		Makushin: 1926	Jaggar (1927): "A dispatch from Dutch Harbor of December 31, 1926, states that Mount Makushin, on Unalaska in the Aleutian Islands, erupted the evening of December 30 with 'fountains of fire and masses of vapor,' making a spectacular display. A slight earthquake accompanied the eruption and there was fear for the safety of Makushin village."	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=144&page=basic
1938-06-00		Makushin: 1938	Coats (1950) reports an ash eruption from Makushin in October, 1938. However, the Anchorage Daily Times, in October 1938 reports that the Coast and Geodetic Survey was in the Aleutian Islands during the summer of 1938, and that the crew reported "the most violent eruption with great clouds of smoke rising from its crater." Therefore it seems likely that the previously cited October date for this eruption is inaccurate and that the observed volcanic activity actually took place sometime during ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=145&page=basic
1944-09-00		Makushin: 1944	Jacob and Hauksson (1983) report that there was strong thermal activity (on N flank?) of central cone, caldera wall, and onto caldera flank during September, 1944.	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=146&page=basic
1951-12-20		Makushin: 1951	From Jones (1952): "December 20, 1951 - A high column of white smoke (steam) rose above the summit of Makushin volcano, Unalaska Island, and the snow on the volcano was gray with ash."	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=147&page=basic
1952-00-00		Makushin: 1952	Powers (1958) reports Makushin was smoking in 1952.	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=148&page=basic
1953-12-00		Makushin: 1953	Powers (1953) reports steaming from Makushin in December, 1953. Barnett (1963) writes that he climbed Makushin either in the summer of 1953 or 1954 (article is unclear) and witnessed steaming, "snow grey from wind-carried ash thrown from the active crater," a sulfur smell, and boiling mud pots. This activity probably does not constitute a volcanic eruption. Snyder (1954) writes: "On March 2 [1953] Richard McDonald, U.S. Geological Survey seismologist stationed at Adak, rode a Navy plane from ... More information	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=149&page=basic
1980-05-00		Makushin: 1980	From Shackleford (1982): "Observations in early July 1980 at Makushin by personnel from Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory found a new explosion crater on the central cone within the caldera, some 60 m below the cone's summit. From this new vent tephra (presumably lithic in nature) extended in streaks on the snow's surface to the southeast. Some of the ejected blocks created impact craters 30-60 m from the crater. This minor explosive event was not witnessed, but obviously took place only ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=150&page=basic
1986-04-28		Makushin: 1986	From Reeder (1989): "At 1900LT 28 April 1986, James Dickson, a resident of Unalaska, while on a Peninsula Airways Inc. flight from Dutch Harbor to Atka, observed a 500 m vertical steam plume over Makushin Volcano. The top of this plume trailed to the S for at least 40 km. James detected no obvious ash in the white steam plume. Pilot Tom Madsen, President of Aleutian Air Ltd. at Dutch Harbor, also flew to Atka from Dutch Harbor earlier the same day (left Dutch Harbor about 1120LT), but the volcano ... More information	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=151&page=basic
1987-02-01	1987-3-2	Makushin: 1987	From Reeder (1990): "Steam emissions were continuous from a large solfatara field near the summit of Makushin Volcano during 1987. Larger than normal steam-blast eruptions were observed on 1 and 2 February and again with some particulate matter on 1 and 2 March as described below. "The crew (Hall Ostbevik and others) of the 40 m Great Pacific fishing boat observed in the afternoon of 1 February as they were going E toward Dutch Harbor above average continuous steam emissions from Makushin, ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=152&page=basic
1993-09-14	1993-11-5	Makushin: 1993	From Neal and others (1996): "On September 14, National Wildlife Service (NWS) relayed three pilot reports of sulfur smell northwest of Dutch Harbor and one veteran pilot report of "a trace of ash" at 4000 feet. Subsequent investigation turned up the fact that, over the past month, pilots had frequently smelled sulfur and seen "smoke and steam" from Makushin, as well as snow apparently darkened by ash. A similar report was called into AVO on September 23. On November 5, 1993, AVO received a ... More information	asterisk_yellow.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=154&page=basic
1994-01-19	1994-1-26	Makushin: 1994	From Neal and others (1995): "On January 19, AVO received a pilot report of two distinct steam plumes, possibly containing ash, rising about 1,000 m (3,280 ft) above the summit of Makushin Volcano. AVO received at least one phone call from a major air carrier and one from the U.S. Air Force about the report. The NWS issued a SIGMET. "On January 21, an AVO staff member received a phone call from the Alaska Department of Emergency Services (DES) at 10:45 pm AST. The Chief of Police in Unalaska ... More information	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=566&page=basic
1995-01-30	1995-1-30	Makushin: 1995	From McGimsey and Neal (1996): "On 12:46 pm AST on Monday, January 30, 1995, USCG C-130 pilots reported a small steam and ash cloud from Makushin Volcano. The cloud rose to about 2400 m (8000 ft) and was carried northeast from the volcano, prompting NWS to issue a SIGMET that ran until 5 pm AST. Over the next hour, several pilots reported seeing a dispersing light brown ash plume at Makushin. All activity subsided shortly thereafter as confirmed by a satellite image recorded at 1:45 pm AST, ... More information	exclamation.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=155&page=basic
2000-07-00	2001-6-00	Makushin: 2000 - 2001	From McGimsey and others (2004): "On February 22, 2001, pilot Joe Polanco reported smelling sulfur and seeing steam issuing from the summit area of Makushin as he flew by. Over the next several months, as tremor from the eruption of Cleveland volcano, 230 km (~145 mi) to the west was being recorded on the Makushin network, AVO seismologists began to suspect that some of the seismicity was actually being generated at Makushin. By May, 2001, it was determined that a real increase in seismic activity ... More information	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=156&page=basic
2006-00-00		Makushin: 2006	From Neal and others (2011): "On June 27, a USCG officer made a report to NOAA about a persistent area of discolored seawater in Unalaska Bay, about 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Dutch Harbor and in-line with Wide Bay cone and Table Top volcano, two satellite vents that are part of the larger Makushin volcanic field (McConnell and others, 1998). The officer stated that he had noticed this discoloration for approximately 2 years. NOAA forwarded the report and photographs via email to AVO on July 2. "AVO ... More information	information.png	ye	50	http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Makushin&eruptionid=682&page=basic